Monday, April 4, 2016

The Most Famous Circus Fight In History - Jacksonville, TX



The Circus Fight
by Bob Bowman

What one historian has called "the most famous circus fight in history" unfolded in 1873 as Robinson's Circus was preparing to leave Jacksonville in East Texas.

Jacksonville was a fledgling community in those days. It had been founded with a post office in 1849, but moved to its present site in 1872 on the International & Great Northern Railroad.

The story of the fight first appeared in a Dearborn, Michigan, newspaper and was reprinted by the Jacksonville Daily Progress years later.

Here is what apparently unfolded.

Robinson's Circus of Cincinnati, Ohio, opened on a raw, cold day in November of 1873. 




The circus' hands had some words with a rowdy crowd of Jacksonville men before the show opened and, when the show began four or five local men plopped down in the circus ring where trained horses usually performed.

When the horses were brought into the ring, the local men stopped them, forcing two circus hands to remove the unruly group.

Later, the group went to the bars in Jacksonville, started drinking and decided they wanted to arrest a circus manager named De Vere. They obtained a warrant and went looking for De Vere. Circus officials, meanwhile, hid De Vere. 


Circus owner Jack Robinson, fearing something worse could happen, ordered his men to pack up their wagons and drive them to a railroad loading area. There, they were met by a Jacksonville mob.

As a circus employee was supervising the loading of the wagons on the train, a shot was fired and the powder of a pistol burned the face of a circus employee, touching off a melee of additional gun shots, fights and threats.

The circus employees chased the mobs into the town's business area, where they hid behind the barred doors of a store. When the circus hands battered down the door, the locals fled out the back door.

As the riot continued, a circus hand was stabbed in the back, a local man fired a shotgun at the circus men, but missed and killed a circus animal, and a circus employee poured a bucket of coal oil on a store and threatened to set it afire if the mob persisted in their anger.

As the circus train pulled out of town on its way to
Houston, more shots were fired. About a mile and a half out of town, as the train crossed a trestle, the Jacksonville mob mounted another gunshot battle, wounding a circus hand.

The mob then telegraphed Houston officials, asking them to arrest the circus, but the telegraph operator in Jacksonville never sent the message.

The Robinson Circus didn't return to Texas for years, but when a group of Texas lawyers came to Cincinnati, Robinson arranged for city officials to wine and dine the lawyers. One of the lawyers promised to help wipe out the charges against the circus in Jacksonville.

However, reports claim that when the Robinson Circus returned to Jacksonville years later, a circus man injured in the l873 riot killed a Jacksonville man.

After the passage of years,
Jacksonville forgot about the Great Circus Fight and settled down as a quiet, law-abiding community







Gabe Thornton inherits the Double Bar Ranch from good friend and neighbor Bill (Pappy) Thomas, but there are conditions.   Last Will and Testament states five hundred acres have been set aside for his only niece, or interested heirs.  The property must be lived on for a year or said acreage will revert back to Gabe.

Molly Blackburn shows up in Bastrop, Texas, to claim the land her great uncle has left her.  Though she knows nothing about cattle ranching, she has no other choice when her father passes away.
Gabe is sure she won’t last a month and he tells her so, but greenhorn or not, she swears she will be there till the bitter end, no matter what!  

Will she give up her land or will she find more than just a cattle ranch in Bastrop?

Excerpt

“I happen to also own a hand gun but..well I didn’t think to purchase bullets for it.”
“Perfect!” Gabe said, shaking his head.  “There’s also wood to be cut and hay and water to be hauled plus a million other things.”  He laid the gun against the wall, opening the door.  “You won’t last the week and if you had half a brain you’d know it!”
“Get out of my house,” she hollered.  He walked out into the cold morning but she was right on his heels, taking his coat off.  “Wait!”  He turned and she threw his coat in his face.  “Thank you for the use of your coat but I’ll thank you to stay off my property!”
Gabe advanced a step her way but a discreet cough stopped him.  There were his mother and sister, sitting on their horses.  He swung up on his horse, staring at his new neighbor.  “See if you can’t talk some sense into her!” he ground out before riding away. 


Bio
I write for all ages, from the early reader to adults.  My books range from pictures books for the little ones, to fantasy, time-travel adventures for ages 9 to 13. I also write adult stories, including a family drama and contemporary, paranormal and historical westerns romances, under P. A. Estelle.

I was a school secretary for 21 years.  My husband and I moved to our retirement home in Kingman, AZ, on very rural 54 acres, living on solar and wind only. 

For more information about me and my stories check out the following links:

I have a newsletter that goes out for new releases or sales.  If you would like to be notified, please sign up @ http://eepurl.com/388Xr

Friday, April 1, 2016

Victorian America & April Fool's Day



APOSTROPHES... no April Foolin'!

Let's take a moment and put one thing to rest-- frustrating apostrophes.

Where does the apostrophe in April Fool's Day (as spelled in both of the newspaper articles from 1892 and 1896, below) belong? Before or after the s?

Yes, current, modern 21st century dictionaries offer the same spelling but also include April Fools' Day--the plural possessive. Why? Because there most certainly are multiple fools in the world for which April Fools is their holiday... and because The AP Stylebook and The Chicago Manual of Style call for the use of the apostrophe after the s. [Source]


Thus... today April Fools' Day is spelled for all the fools out there, and in Victorian American life, they pretty much consistently (from all my research) elected to spell it: April Fool's Day. I'll stick with the Victorian American spelling ('s) as that's my focus.

Let's get one more pesky little detail out of the way. Victorian-era American newspapers often spelled various words differently than we do today, used punctuation differently, and often did not capitalize words we do now. The abbreviation "sic" or [sic] stands for "spelled in context"-- okay, I admit it-- I made that up. It actually is a Latin adverb for "thus was it written" but that's too hard to remember. Essentially "spelled in context" means it appears precisely as it does in the original source (and hence my protection from pointing fingers and chuckles because readers think I can't spell).



April Fools' Day has long been a day for pranksters, troublemakers, and those simply looking for a bit of diversion. Tall tales evoke wide-eyed belief until the punch line, "April Fools!"

I'm forever fascinated by what our Victorian American ancestors saw as the standard for recognizing days like April 1st and celebrating various significant holidays throughout the year.

[You'll find easy links at the bottom of my article about Victorian Americans Celebrate Easter on my website, including: St. Patrick's Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's... and... recognizing occasions such as Leap Year. Note: See the stick-figure magnifying glass in the menu--a search tool.]




ALL IN GOOD FUN


This newspaper article is clipped from The Kearney Daily Hub, of Kearney, Nebraska, dated 28 May, 1892.


The Kearney Daily Hub, Kearney, Nebraska, 28 May, 1892.
The Kearney Daily Hub, Kearney, Nebraska, 28 May, 1892.

In Honolulu, Hawaii, the 9 July, 1896 edition of Evening Bulletin reported quite an April Fool's hoax regarding discovery of a race of pygmies.

[Note: this transcription of a partial paragraph has everything spelled in context, including the era's choice of spelling pygmies thus--pigmies.]

"Once the BULLETIN, when under the ownership and editorship of its lamented founder, Walter Hill, perpetrated a grand April Fool's Day joke by publishing a minute account of the discovery of a race of pigmies living in a cave of one of the triplet mountains of Hawaii, employing a name assonant with that of Mr. Baker's as the name of the heroic discoverer." [sic]
 




Despite the 1896 report (immediately above) that April Fool's is a Druidical remembrance, an 1833 article, directly below, argues April Fool's is the holiday of St. Francis--


The following article appeared in the Boston Post, in Boston, Massachusetts, on 1 April, 1833. Note the wry humor, the use of the familiar to poke fun at other country's traditions and celebrations-- which to Victorian Americans would appear highly scandalous (without pants?).

"Who invented April Fool's Day?-- It is the holiday of St. Francis, the founder of the order of Minims, and canonized by Leo X, for his....austerities! The more fool he!-- There was a religious society in Paris by the touching appellation of Fools, founded in 1198, which flourished 240 years, holding their Festival on the 1st of January, in which all sorts of absurdities and indecencies were committed. The French alone are able to throw any light on the subject; and that little is less brilliant than the corruscations** of a dead cod's head: They call mackerel, poisson d'Aeril; and um poisson d'Aeril, an April fool. They have a proverb of "Donner un poisson d'Aeril," to make one an April fool. They have so frequently been governed by "Fools," since they established the Salique Law, which excluded the fair sex from the throne, that they aught to be canonized with the honor of originating April fool's day. [sic]


"Shakespeare is silent on the subject, probably there was no "fool's day" in his day.-- And yet possibly the French  might have stolen this "day," as they did "Twelfth-day," or Epiphany, from the English during the Revolution of 1792, calling it "la fete des sans culottes," a festival without breeches! Horace Smith, in his Fooleries and Festivals, leaves the paternity of the "day" in as much obscurity as that of Romulus and Remus, but is inclined to swear it upon the Hindoos! because they hold the festival of their Huli fooleries the day before! With all due deference to Horace, if the Hindoos are not more ancient than the Israelites, we suspect Esau was the first "April Fool" when he sold his birthright, unless his father was fooled first, when he heard the voice of Jacob, and mistook a goat's skin for the hand of Esau; and like a goat with more beard than brains, bestowing his blessing upon the head of a hypocrite.*" [sic]

-----
* However the second son is always the smartest; from Jacob down to "Brother Jonathan;"--Don't he beat John Bull? [appears as is in the original]
** [added because I couldn't stand not to] definition of corruscations-- or at least the most similarly spelled modern word: coruscation: A sudden gleam or flash of light; a striking display of brilliance or wit.

Why do you suppose the author of this 1833 newspaper article (tradition/practice holds newspaper article writers were never identified by name) spelled "Hindoos" phonetically instead of properly, Hindus?


1833

Did you notice the humorous article, immediately above, was published in 1833? That's
early. Technically five years before the Victorian Era began (Queen Victoria's coronation).
 
Queen Victoria's Coronation in 1838. Public Domain.
1833 predates the Victorian Era (as just said in a few more words)... but... as far as my newspapers.com access currently offers (though not every single newspaper from the history of the United States), 17 years earlier, in 1816, the earliest documented (per my current access-- who knows? this will likely change) use of "April fools day" appeared in The Maryland Gazette, Annapolis, Maryland, 11 July, 1816.

Nothing more than a fun bit of trivia, given we know the French used the phrase/term before the Revolution of 1792.

The Maryland Gazette, Annapolis, MD, 11 July 1816.


APRIL FOOL'S IS AN ANNOYANCE

As are Christmas Gifts one isn't amused with.


The Sun, Chanute, Kansas, 24 December, 1896.
Ultimately, no matter that 115 years have passed since the conclusion of the Victorian Era, some things remain the same. No matter the quantity of vintage newspaper articles I perused, it seems April Fool's Day in the Victorian-Era United States was tolerated much the same as it is currently. Kids have fun with it. Adults cringe. Any news (especially the sensational or the happy) is viewed with distrust. Just yesterday, I heard the story of a brand-new father who called the extended family members to announce the birth of their son (everyone knew the wife was about to deliver...) and no one believed him the child was actually born. Unfortunately the birth was 28 years ago when cell phones and digital images were futuristic flights of fancy.



What is the most spectacular, or amusing, or embarrassing, or fantastic tale / prank / trick you've heard or seen in conjunction with April Fool's Day?




Hi! I'm Kristin Holt.
I write frequent articles (or view recent posts easily on my Home Page, scroll down to mid to lower) about the nineteenth century American west–every subject of possible interest to readers, amateur historians, authors…as all of these tidbits surfaced while researching for my books. I also blog monthly at Sweet Americana Sweethearts (first Friday of each month) and Romancing the Genres (third Tuesday of each Month).



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