Tuesday, September 1, 2026

CAN'T RESIST MASTERSON! by Marisa Masterson



Since Dodge was a key hub for cattle from the 1870s up to 1884, I could have chosen any year in that window. Could have, but I didn’t. I selected 1880 for a specific reason. Two reasons, actually, and those two were brothers—The Masterson brothers.

One, Marshal Jim Masterson, eliminated guns on the streets of Dodge. The other, Bat, served as sheriff of Ford County, where that town is located.

Wkipedia
Bat Masterson stands out among the illustrious names from the Old West. No doubt in part because his life was serialized in a television program that ran in the late fifties and early sixties, an age when Westerns dominated entertainment. Even without that, he would have been remembered because of his time as a gunfighter and then a lawman.

It is all too easy to forget that this fictional hero was also a flesh and blood man, one who did his best to provide order and justice to a county during the early years of Kansas’s statehood. Though a lawman, he was invested in a local saloon and was a known gambler. No doubt, he must have turned a blind eye to some goings on in Dodge. Regardless, what does matter was that he served Kansas as a cautious and cool-headed lawman, helping his brother control a wild town, a place populated for a time by cowboys fresh from the trail and looking for a good time.

At first a buffalo hunter and an army scout, Bat reinvented himself as a lawman when he became sheriff of Ford County. Later, he found a new role as a sportscaster. What an excellent reminder that the Old West was not that far removed from the modern age!

From Marriage and Mayhem:

After breakfast, he [Clint] scooped up the ledgers. With those tucked under one arm, he led Clementine down busy Front Street to the two-story building that sat next to the Courthouse and its limestone basement. The front door of the wooden jail stood open to catch a stray breeze. Clint took it as an invitation and entered.

“Hey, Masterson, you here?” He hollered as he handed Clementine into a chair that fronted a scarred desk.

Bump-bump. Bump-bump. Footsteps sounded below them, and then a door near the rear of the room opened. A dome-shaped hat appeared first, followed by the handsome face of Bat Masterson. The man’s neatly trimmed mustache twitched. “Well, if it isn’t the newlyweds. What’s brought the two of you to the jail?”

“My wife and I want to report a shooting. The bullet nearly lodged in her head.”

Clementine widened her eyes and nodded. “I was so scared.”

Clint threw a frown at her. She exaggerated her innocent act too much, and he needed to warn her. Seeing his hint, she merely winked.

“Shot at you, huh? My brother doesn’t allow guns in town. We’re not having another death like our brother Ed.”

“Yeah, I heard tell that Jim took over as marshal after your brother was killed. But I am telling you, Bat. There’s someone out to kill us. It wasn’t a stray bullet, not with the way the marshal controls the guns in town.”

Bat reached up a finger to rub the left side of his mustache. “Well, we’ll need to talk to Jim. I’m the sheriff of Ford County, not the law here in Dodge.”

Those two men drew me to that specific year. It was a more controlled time in the town. One when I believed my main characters would get the support they needed from the law.

It was later, in 1881, that Masterson left Kansas and traveled to Tombstone, Arizona, where he joined his friend Wyatt Earp. Earp asked him to deal faro and ferret out robbers terrorizing local stagecoaches. Later, he was part of Earp’s vendetta to punish the cowboys who killed Earp’s brothers.

So, my choice of 1880 was specific. I wanted Masterson to be the county sheriff in my story, and I had to time it right to line up the historical events. (By the way, it is no coincidence that my last name is also Masterson. I chose that for my pen name to honor Bat. Of course, I had to include him in this story!)

As much as I focused on the characters and their story, I also wanted to recreate the busy main street of Dodge City in 1880. I chose a time during the town’s peak years when cattle and cowboys streamed there to ship beef back east, mostly to Chicago’s slaughtering houses. Imagine it. This was a time before fences ended the open range, and the West was wild.

From Marriage and Mayhem:

The breeze puffed, stirring the already disturbed dust. It gave a last effort to blow on it, like a blacksmith reviving a dying forge. As the wind gave up, allowing the earth to return to the earth, the stagecoach door flew open.

A boot appeared, followed by the hem of a blue skirt. More of the traveling suit showed until a frowning woman with arms akimbo stood outside the coach. No boardwalk invited her to escape the hard-packed dirt that was the street. 

Clementine Bradley’s nose and chin tipped upward, ever so slightly, but there it was. She allowed dislike for the situation—and her discomfort—to show. A glance to the left and to the right might have signaled that distress to any male observers. It should have signaled it to them, if any bothered to glance her way. Alone, she stood in the street without so much as one masculine arm willing to escort her to the hotel.

Dodge City’s main street teemed with men. Roughly dressed cowboys rode past her on horses, skirting her while never meeting her eyes. Others stumbled along with whiskey bottles clutched in their fists. Their hoots and hollers nearly sent Clementine’s hands up to cover her ears.

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Wednesday, August 26, 2026

The Packsaddle Librarians of Eastern Kentucky by Jo-Ann Roberts


 

Recently, I watched a PBS documentary about the Pack Horse Library, a Works Progress Administration (WPA) program that delivered reading material the people who lived in the craggy, 10,000-square-mile portion of eastern Kentucky during the Great Depression. 

As I watched, I wondered if Dolly Parton was inspired to start her Imagination Library by these intrepid, innovative women!

Kentucky already trailed its neighbors in electricity and highways. And during the Depression food, education and economic opportunities were even scarcer for Appalachians.

And they also lacked books.

In the early 1930s, up to 31% of people in eastern Kentucky couldn't read. Though they wanted to learn, coal and railroads were poised to industrialize the region, raising the hopes of many Appalachians who were ready to take part in the coming prosperity.

"Workers viewed the sudden economic changes as a threat to their survival and literacy as a means of escape from a vicious economic trap." Donald C. Boyd.

This presented a challenge. In 1930, Kentucky only circulated one book per capita compared to the standard of five to ten. There had been earlier attempts to get books into the remote region. In 1913, a Kentuckian named May Stafford solicited money to take books to rural people on horseback, but her project only lasted one year. Local Berea College sent a horse-drawn book wagon into the mountains in the last teens and early 1920s. But that program ended by 1934, when the first WPA-sponsored packhorse library was formed in Leslie County.

Unlike many New Deal projects, the packhorse plan required help from locals. "Libraries" were housed in any facility that would step up, from churches to post offices. Librarians manned these outposts, giving books to carriers who then climbed aboard their mules or horses, saddlebags loaded with books and headed into the hills. They took their jobs as seriously as mail carriers and crossed streams in wintry conditions, feet frozen in the stirrups.

Librarians were paid $28 a month ($495 in today's dollars) to deliver books to the people, provided their own horses, or leased them from neighbors, using saddlebags, sacks, and pillowcases to carry books to people who had no way to get to libraries. These hardy women rode out at least twice a month, covering 100 to 120 miles a week to deliver books that were donated from women's clubs, schools, churches, and universities.


One librarian, Nan Milan, who carried books in an eight-mile radius from the Pine Mountain Settlement School, joked that the horses she rode had shorter legs on one side than the other so that they wouldn't slide off the steep mountain paths.



The librarian solicited donations of books, magazines, textbooks, Sunday school material, and newspapers from people in more affluent and accessible regions. Once the precious books were in a library's collection, the women did everything they could to preserve them. They repaired books, repurposing old Christmas cards as bookmarks so people would be less likely to dog-ear pages.

 As word of the campaign spread, books arrived from other states. A Kentuckian who had moved to California sent 500 books as a memorial to his mother. When materials became too worn to circulate, librarians made them into new books. They pasted stories and pictures from the worn books into binder, turning them into new reading material. Recipes, also pasted into binders and circulated throughout the mountains, proved so popular that Kentuckians started scrapbooks of quilt patterns, too.

In 1936, packhorse librarians served 50,000 families, and by 1937, 155 public schools. Children loved the program, and since they were so far from public libraries, most students had never checked out a book.


"'Bring me a book to read,' is the cry of every child as he runs to meet the librarian with whom he has become acquainted...not a certain book, but any kind of book."
Pack Horse Library supervisor.

The Pack Horse Library Project also provided reading lessons. 


Librarians and book women would also read aloud to families. The librarians were also seen as educators, bringing new ideas into isolated areas. In order to do so, librarians had to deal with their community's suspicion of strangers and deal with a "hostility toward any outside influence". Librarians managed to overcome the attitude to such a degree that one family was reported as refusing to move to a new county because it lacked a packhorse library service.


The project ended in 1943 when the WPA stopped funding the program. While local communities tried to keep the libraries going, they were unable to continue without funding. It was only in the 1950s that the remote communities would have access to bookmobiles.

The women who participated in the project and the communities they served, had been forever changed by the simple, powerful act of bringing books and knowledge to those who need it most.

If you are interested, here is the link to watch the PBS documentary.

 The Pack Horse Librarians of Appalachia | Episode 1 | PBS

Wednesday, August 19, 2026

They Came From Hannibal

Posts by Doris McCraw

aka Angela Raines

As I work on the upcoming book, "Pauline", I am reposting a piece I wrote for another blog.


Image (C) Doris McCraw


About seventy miles from where I grew up is the town of Hannibal, Missouri. Most may remember it as the place that Samuel Clemens, aka Mark Twain, grew up. Born in Florida, Missouri, in 1835, Clemens moved with his family to Hannibal when he was four. His time here, along the Mississippi River, informed his life and career.

Samuel Clemens
from Wikipedia

But he wasn't the only person of 'fame' that came from that town.

William Thomas Sharp
from Wikipedia

 In 1838, William Thomas Sharp was born in this town. So, who was Tom Sharp? If you were in southern Colorado, you would know this name. Sharp served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. He was in the Pikes Peak Region in 1859, had a trading post in Huerfano County in the 1870s, and later was a horse and cattle breeder.  

Margaret Bown
from Wikipedia

And of course, the last is Margaret Tobin. Born in 1867 in Hannibal, she moved to Leadville, Colorado at age eighteen with her brother Daniel. She met and married James Joseph, J. J., Brown in Leadville in 1886. At the time, there was not much money. However, by 1893 their fortune changed, and in 1894 they moved to Denver. In 1912, she booked passage on the Titanic and survived the sinking of the ill-fated ship.

These are just overviews of three amazing people who came from Hannibal, Missouri. All three have lives well worth looking into. You may be surprised. All I can say is there must have been something in the water. 

For more 'notable' people from Hannibal: From Hannibal

Until Next Time:

Stay safe - Doris

Angela Raines - Amazon

Doris A. McCraw - Amazon 


Saturday, August 15, 2026

Agua Fria- First County Seat of 1850 California’s Largest County by Zina Abbott









 

 

 

 

First settled in the early summer of 1849 by Sonoran miners, Agua Fria was one of the earliest settlements on Colonel John C. Frémont's Las Mariposas grant.

 

1850s view, from a California Pictorial Lettersheet

In 1849, James Savage built his first trading post nearby. It became the county seat of Mariposa County after California became a United States of America territory.

 

The town of Agua Fri was located one-quarter mile north of Carson Creek, a tributary of Agua Fria Creek. In October 1851, a post office was established. The town served as the Mariposa county seat from Feb. 18, 1850 to Nov. 10, 1851. 

California's original 27 counties

Mariposa was of one of the original twenty-seven counties in California. It was also the largest of California’s first counties. In 1850, this county, which has since been broken up into several other counties, comprised one-sixth of the state.

Agua Fria

At its peak, as hundreds of miners scoured the area in search of gold, the town boasted of a dozen stores plus all the usual “recreations” typically found in the early mining towns, including monte and faro banks, a billiard room, bowling alley, assay offices, express mail service, and a hotel. According to an eyewitness, miners were "camped in every direction for five miles from the common center...in tents and huts of every description."

Named for two springs of cold water located at a bend of the creek, the placer deposits of the area were rich. Like most placer camps in the region, they were soon depleted and miners drifted off to other camps. Gradually, Agua Fria's importance dwindled. In spite of a 6-stamp quartz mill having been installed in upper Agua Fria, by 1853, most miners had moved on.

 

Mariposa County map

In 1852, the California State Legislature mandated that all county seats be determined by the registered voters of each county. As the result of a county-wide vote, the county seat was moved to the town of Mariposa, four miles to the northwest of Agua Fria. Not long after, the town slowly vanished.

Agua Fria 1874

Between the 1850s and 1860s, fires destroyed most of Agua Fria’s wooden buildings. The most devastating fire occurred on June 22, 1866. Originating in a building occupied by Chinese residents, that conflagration burned nearly all of Lower Agua Fria, destroying an estimated seventy-five structures. Businesses like Gossner & Co. Brewery and merchants Egenhoff and Ketkin suffered major losses. Only one house remained standing.

For the most part, the town was never rebuilt. It became a ghost town, although this 1874 photograph shows a few hardy buildings still standing.

Today, nothing remains of the town of Agua Fria.

 

The Historical Marker, installed by the Native Daughters of the Golden West, reads:


One fourth mile north of Carson Creek, tributary of Agua Fria, was located Agua Fria, first county seat of Mariposa County in 1850-1851 one of original 27 counties in California. Until 1852, while mining was main industry of region, Mariposa County comprised of the state and included all of what is now Merced, Madera, Fresno, Tulare, Kings, and Kern Counties. Town of Mariposa became seat of government in 1852 & the courthouse was completed in 1854.

 


Since Yosemite National Park is partly in Mariposa County, the region plays a role in my three National Park Brides books. 

AntheliaYosemite Bride and Ardith Yosemite Bride have been published and are available. 

Emily Yosemite Bride is currently on pre-order. To find the book descriptions and purchase options, please click onto the hyperlinked titles.

 

 

Sources:

https://landmarkquest.com/omeka/items/show/939

https://prairierosepublications.blogspot.com/2017/04/mariposa-courthouse-by-zina-abbott.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua_Fria,_California

https://westernmininghistory.com/towns/california/agua-fria/

https://www.exploratography.com/blog-49/agua-fria-california-hwy49

https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=51554